Quy chuẩn này sẽ có hiệu lực thi hành từ ngày 15/11/2013. Theo đó, tất cả các công trình dân dụng có tổng diện tích sàn từ 2.500m2 trở lên sẽ phải tuân thủ những yêu cầu kỹ thuật bắt buộc khi thiết kế, xây dựng mới hoặc cải tạo.
Đơn giản hóa để đưa Quy chuẩn vào thực tiễn
Quy chuẩn QCVN 09:2013/BXD được ban hành thay thế Quy chuẩn xây dựng Việt Nam QCXDVN 09:2005 (ban hành theo Quyết định số 40/2005/QĐ-BXD ngày 17/11/2005 của Bộ trưởng Bộ Xây dựng).
Đây là một bộ Quy chuẩn quan trọng và là công cụ pháp lý để góp phần đẩy mạnh việc thực hiện Chương trình mục tiêu quốc gia về sử dụng năng lượng tiết kiệm và hiệu quả do Thủ tướng Chính phủ ban hành.
Theo Quy chuẩn QCVN 09:2013/BXD, các công trình dân dụng (văn phòng, khách sạn, bệnh viện, trường học, thương mại, dịch vụ, chung cư) có tổng diện tích sàn từ 2.500m2 trở lên sẽ phải tuân thủ những yêu cầu kỹ thuật bắt buộc khi thiết kế, xây dựng mới hoặc cải tạo.
Những quy định trong quy chuẩn này được áp dụng cho lớp vỏ công trình, ngoại trừ lớp vỏ của các không gian làm kho chứa hoặc nhà kho không sử dụng điều hoà và trang thiết bị trong công trình (hệ thống chiếu sáng nội thất; hệ thống thông gió và điều hoà không khí; thiết bị đun nước nóng; thiết bị quản lý năng lượng; thang máy và thang cuốn).
Ông Nguyễn Trung Hòa, Vụ trưởng Vụ Khoa học, Công nghệ và Môi trường, Bộ Xây dựng cho biết: Trước đây, Việt Nam đã áp dụng Quy chuẩn QCXDVN 09:2005. Quy chuẩn này được soạn thảo dưới sự hỗ trợ của tổ chức Hoa Kỳ.
Tuy nhiên khi áp dụng vào thực tế thì gặp khá nhiều khó khăn do cách tiếp cận phức tạp, chưa phù hợp với năng lực thực tế trong triển khai của các địa phương. Vì vậy, Bộ Xây dựng đã đề nghị soát xét lại Quy chuẩn nhằm mục tiêu đảm bảo tính khả thi trong thực tế.
Theo ông Hòa, để làm cơ sở cho việc lựa chọn kịch bản áp dụng Quy chuẩn, Bộ Xây dựng đã phối hợp với Tổ chức Tài chính quốc tế (IFC) tiến hành khảo sát 57 tòa nhà tại Hà Nội, Đà Nẵng, TP.HCM.
Với cách tiếp cận mới, phù hợp với điều kiện của Việt Nam Quy chuẩn QCVN 09:2013/BXD cơ bản đã khắc phục được những nhược điểm của Quy chuẩn QCXDVN 09:2005.
Ông Hòa nhận định: Với sự tham gia nghiên cứu và góp ý của các chuyên gia quốc tế do IFC, Cơ quan Phát triển quốc tế Hoa Kỳ (USAID), Cục Năng lượng Đan Mạch (Vương quốc Đan Mạch) tài trợ, Hội Môi trường Xây dựng Việt Nam đã biên soạn, “đưa ra được những Quy chuẩn tương đối đơn giản, bước đầu đưa các quy định vào thực tiễn. Nếu chúng ta đưa ra những Quy chuẩn quá phức tạp, không kiểm soát được trong thực tế thì cũng vô hiệu”, ông Hòa nhận định.
Triển khai thí điểm tại các công trình để nhân rộng
Theo ông Miroslav Delaporte, Phó Đại diện, Văn phòng hợp tác phát triển Thụy Sỹ của khu vực Mekong, đây là điểm mốc rất quan trọng, vì Việt Nam đang phải đối mặt với nhiều thách thức để đạt mục tiêu sử dụng năng lượng tiết kiệm, hiệu quả và mục tiêu chiến lược tăng trưởng xanh.
Quy chuẩn Quốc gia là bước quan trọng thúc đẩy mục tiêu năng lượng hiệu quả thông qua thiết kế, thi công công trình xây dựng, sẽ góp phần giảm khoảng 20% tổng năng lượng tiêu thụ so với hiện nay.
Ông Nguyễn Công Thịnh, chuyên viên Vụ Khoa học, Công nghệ và Môi trường Bộ Xây dựng cho biết: Để đưa Quy chuẩn vào thực tiễn, dự kiến trong tháng 11/2013, Bộ Xây dựng sẽ tổ chức tập huấn, giới thiệu nội dung Quy chuẩn tại ba miền Bắc, Trung, Nam đến các đối tượng liên quan gồm cơ quan quản lý nhà nước về xây dựng các cấp; các chủ đầu tư, chủ sở hữu sử dụng; tư vấn thiết kế, kỹ sư, kiến trúc sư.
Hiện Bộ đang xây dựng Thông tư hướng dẫn quản lý, sử dụng năng lượng tiết kiệm và hiệu quả trong các công trình xây dựng; tiếp tục xây dựng danh mục vật liệu tiết kiệm năng lượng (TKNL) và tài liệu hướng dẫn cho các đơn vị tư vấn, thiết kế, thi công; xây dựng tài liệu giảng dạy và đào tạo cho các cán bộ thẩm định của 63 tỉnh thành…
Bộ Xây dựng cũng đang phối hợp với IFC để thực hiện 3 dự án trình diễn việc áp dụng Quy chuẩn trong quá trình thiết kế xây dựng và thẩm định. Đồng thời, Bộ sẽ hợp tác với Chính phủ Đan Mạch lựa chọn 2 công trình thí điểm để áp dụng thử nghiệm Quy chuẩn; hỗ trợ đào tạo, phát triển nguồn nhân lực, tăng cường năng lực thiết bị máy móc và tài liệu cho 2 Trung tâm tư vấn TKNL của Bộ Xây dựng…
Với các đối tác khác, Bộ Xây dựng cũng đã có kể hoạch như việc xây dựng bộ dữ liệu, xây dựng tiêu chuẩn kỹ thuật để thực hiện bộ Quy chuẩn này và hoạt động nghiên cứu xây dựng định mức đối với từng vùng khí hậu, từng loại hình công trình xây dựng.
Bộ Xây dựng mong muốn các tổ chức quốc tế cùng tham gia để triển khai ứng dụng một vài công trình để trình diễn, đặc biệt là đối với tòa nhà thương mại, công sở để làm mẫu cho các đơn vị tham quan, học tập.
Tại buổi giới thiệu Quy chuẩn, chuyên gia về TKNL của Đan Mạch cho biết sẵn sàng hợp tác với Bộ Xây dựng để đưa Quy chuẩn vào thực tiễn. Theo chuyên gia Đan Mạch: “Chúng ta phải thay đổi cách mà chúng ta xây dựng công trình, nếu chúng ta làm được thì chúng ta sẽ giảm được việc sử dụng năng lượng rất đáng kể, trong khi chỉ đầu tư một chút thôi. Nếu chúng ta đầu tư 5% để TKNL thì chúng ta tiết kiệm được 50% và thời gian hoàn vốn chỉ trong vòng 5 năm. Ngay từ ngày đầu tiên của dự án, nếu các kiến trúc sư không đề cập đến vấn đề TKNL, họ sẽ bỏ đi rất nhiều cơ hội để TKNL”.
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